Identification and biological characteristics of violet root rot pathogen of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Fujian province / 中国中药杂志

Violet root rot is one of the main root diseases in the production process of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. To clarify the pathogenic species that cause the violet root rot of P. heterophylla in Fujian province, the roots and the sclerotia with violet root rot symptoms were collected from the main producing areas of P. heterophylla(Fujian province) from 2017 to 2021, and the pathogens were isolated by tissue separation method and identified by morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, the biological characteristics of the pathogens were studied and the fungicides were determined. The results showed that 78 strains of violet root rot were isolated from the collected root samples, which belonged to one type after preliminary morphological identification. Two represen-tative strains were selected from the pathogens for multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, and they were clustered with Helicobasidium mompa together. The suitable culture conditions for the mycelium were OA medium, 25 ℃, pH 6, and ammonium oxalate as the nitrogen source. The lethal temperature of the mycelium was 50 ℃ for 10 minutes. Moreover, 99.1% propiconazole and 98.7% azoxystrobin had the optimal bacteriostatic effect, and the concentrations with the 50% bacteriostatic rate were 16.85 and 12.24 μg·mL~(-1), respectively. On the basis of the above results, the pathogen causing violet root rot of P. heterophylla in Fujian province was H. mompa. The medium type, growth temperature, pH value, nitrogen source, etc. had significant effect on the growth of mycelium.

Identification and biological characterization of pathogen causing black spot of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Fujian province / 中国中药杂志

In Zherong county, Fujian province, the black spot of Pseudostellaria heterophylla often breaks out in the rainy season from April to June every year. As one of the main leaf diseases of P. heterophylla, black spot seriously affects the yield and quality of the medicinal material. To identify and characterize the pathogens causing black spot, we isolated the pathogens, identified them as a species of Alternaria according to Koch's postulates, and then tested their pathogenicity and biological characteristics. The results showed that the pathogens causing P. heterophylla black spot were A. gaisen, as evidenced by the similar colony morphology, spore characteristics, sporulation phenotype, and the same clade with A. gaisen on the phylogenetic tree(the maximum likelihood support rate of 100% and the Bayesian posterior probability of 1.00) built based on the tandem sequences of ITS, tef1, gapdh, endoPG, Alta1, OPA10-2, and KOG1077. The optimum conditions for mycelial growth of the pathogen were 25 ℃, pH 5-8, and 24 h dark culture. The lethal conditions for mycelia and spores were both treatment at 50 ℃ for 10 min. We reported for the first time the A. gaisen-caused black spot of P. heterophylla. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and control of P. heterophylla leaf spot diseases.

Onset and Recurrence Characteristics of Chinese Patients with Noncardiogenic Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Medicine Hospital / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To delineate the onset and recurrence characteristics of noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients in China.@*METHODS@#A prospective, multicenter and registry study was carried out in 2,558 patients at 7 representative clinical sub-centers during November 3, 2016 to February 17, 2019. A questionnaire was used to collect information of patients regarding CM syndromes and constitutions and associated risk factors. Additionally, stroke recurrence was defined as a primary outcome indicator.@*RESULTS@#A total of 327 (12.78 %) patients endured recurrence events, 1,681 (65.72%) were men, and the average age was 63.33 ± 9.45 years. Totally 1,741 (68.06%) patients suffered first-ever ischemic stroke, 1,772 (69.27%) patients reported to have hypertension, and 1,640 (64.11%) of them reported dyslipidemia, 1,595 (62.35%) patients exhibited small-artery occlusion by The Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Specifically, 1,271 (49.69%) patients were considered as qi-deficient constitution, and 1,227 (47.97%) patients were determined as stagnant blood constitution. There were 1,303 (50.94%) patients diagnosed as blood stasis syndrome, 1,280 (50.04%) patients exhibited phlegm and dampness syndrome and 1,012 (39.56%) patients demonstrated qi deficiency syndrome. And 1,033 (40.38%) patients declared intracranial artery stenosis, and 478 (18.69%) patients reported carotid artery stenosis. The plaque in 1,508 (41.36%) patients were of mixed. Particularly, 41.09% of them demonstrated abnormal levels of glycated hemoglobin levels.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Recurrence in minor and small-artery stroke cannot be ignored. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, abnormal HbA1c, intracranial artery stenosis and carotid plaque were more common in stroke patients. Particularly, phlegm-dampness and blood stasis syndromes, as well as qi deficiency and blood stasis constitutions, were still the main manifestations of stroke. (Trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT03174535).

Xinglou Chengqi Decoction improves neurological function in experimental stroke mice as evidenced by gut microbiota analysis and network pharmacology / 中国天然药物

The current study was designed to explore the brain protection mechanism of Xinglou Chengqi Decoction (XCD) based on gut microbiota analysis and network pharmacology. A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of mice was established, followed by behavioral evaluation, TTC and TUNEL staining. Additionally, to investigate the effects of gut microbiota on neurological function after stroke, C57BL/6 mice were treated with anti-biotic cocktails 14 days prior to ischemic stroke (IS) to deplete the gut microbiota. High-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing, metabonomics technique, and flow multifactor technology were used to analyze bacterial communities, SCFAs and inflammatory cytokines respectively. Finally, as a supplement, network pharmacology and molecular docking were applied to fully explore the multicomponent-multitarget-multichannel mechanism of XCD in treating IS, implicated in ADME screening, target identification, network analysis, functional annotation, and pathway enrichment analysis. We found that XCD effectively improved neurological function, relieved cerebral infarction and decreased the neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, XCD promoted the release of anti-inflammatory factor like IL-10, while down-regulating pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-22. Furthermore, XCD significantly increased the levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid. The mechanism might be related to the regulation of SCFAs-producing bacteria like Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia, and bacteria that regulate inflammation like Paraprevotella, Roseburia, Streptophyta and Enterococcu. Finally, in the network pharmacological analysis, 51 active compounds in XCD and 44 intersection targets of IS and XCD were selected. As a validation, components in XCD docked well with key targets. It was obviously that biological processes were mainly involved in the regulation of apoptotic process, inflammatory response, response to fatty acid, and regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier in GO enrichment. XCD can improve neurological function in experimental stroke mice, partly due to the regulation of gut microbiota. Besises, XCD has the characteristic of "multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel" in the treatment of IS revealed by network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Stature Estimation of Sichuan Han Females Based on X-ray Photography of Total Lower Limbs / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a mathematical model of stature estimation for Sichuan Han females on the basis of the relationship between lower limbs and individual height, thus to provide evidence for forensic identification.@*METHODS@#Samples were collected from 171 Sichuan Han females. Large flat panel multi-function digital photography system was used to take the full-body X-ray films of the lower limbs. Indexes of long bones and stature of the subjects were measured, respectively. A linear regression analysis was carried out on the correlation between them, and a mathematical model of the stature calculation was established. Then the mathematical model was used to calculate the stature of another 29 Sichuan Han females to test its accuracy.@*RESULTS@#The maximum length of femur （x1） had the highest correlation with stature. A total of 13 linear regression equations were established （P<0.05）, with the correlation coefficient （R） 0.821-0.897 and the standard error of the estimation （SEE） 2.994-3.812 cm. The backtesting showed that the equation y=41.604+1.205 x1+1.318 x6+2.444 x12+1.852 x13-2.388 x14 had the smallest mean absolute deviation （2.485 years old） and the highest accuracy of ±2SEE （92.9%）, and that the equation y=48.783+2.568 x1 had the highest accuracy of ±1SEE （60.7%）.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The stature estimation is high by using the long bones of the lower limbs has high accuracy.

Hip survival rate in the patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head after transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The clinical outcome of transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) remains controversial, and the promising clinical results of several Japanese studies could not be reproduced in American and European studies. Trying to solve controversies on TRO for ONFH rising from apparently conflicting studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the 5- and 10-year hip survival rates (with conversion to artificial joint replacement and radiographic failure as endpoints) after TRO.@*METHODS@#All eligible studies were searched in seven comprehensive databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, VIP Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Wan Fang Database prior to June 2019. The outcomes evaluated were 5- and 10-year hip survival rates after TRO. The odds ratio and risk difference for the non-comparative binary data with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. The included studies were assessed for methodologic bias and potential reasons for heterogeneity were explored.@*RESULTS@#Nineteen studies of TRO for ONFH were eligible for this meta-analysis according to inclusion criteria. Based on the previous report, two calculation methods (Methods 1 and 2) were adopted in this meta-analysis. Furthermore, we performed a sub-group analysis of the 5- and 10-year hip survival rates (Method 1) after TRO for ONFH: Asian sub-population and non-Asian sub-population. Taking conversion to artificial joint replacement as the endpoint, 5- and 10-year hip survival rates (Method 1) after TRO for ONFH in the Asian population were 0.86 (95% CI = 0.82-0.89) and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.65-0.78), respectively, and 5- and 10-year hip survival rates after TRO for ONFH in the non-Asian population were 0.55 (95% CI = 0.43-0.67) and 0.42 (95% CI = 0.28-0.55), respectively. The 5- and 10-year hip survival rates (Method 2) after TRO for ONFH were 0.90 (95% CI = 0.79-0.95) and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.81-0.94), respectively. Taking radiographic failure as the endpoint, 5- and 10-year hip survival rates after TRO for ONFH were 0.70 (95% CI = 0.64-0.76) and 0.53 (95% CI = 0.46-0.61), respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The 5- and 10-year hip survival rates after TRO for ONFH were satisfactory in the Asian population, and were acceptable in the non-Asian population despite high early failure rates.

Systematic Review on Warm Acupuncture Treatment for Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Protrusion / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To conduct Meta analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) on warm acupuncture treatment on lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion (LIDP); To provide references for evidence-based medicine of this disease.Methods Articles about warm acupuncture treatment for LIDP clinical randomized controlled trials in CNKI, Wanfang database, Chonging Wepu, CBM, OubMed, Cochrane Library, and Emnase were retrieved by computer. The retrieval range was from the database establishing to March, 2017. According to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.2.0 Bias risk assessment tool, included articles were under quality evaluation. Revman5.2 software was used to carry out Meta analysis, and TSAv0.9 software was used to conduct TSA.Results Ten articles were included, involving 1035 cases. Meta analysis showed that the total effective rates of warm acupuncture treatment for LIDP [95％CI (2.43, 5.40),Z=6.31,P<0.00001], pain index [95％CI (-1.05, -0.58),Z=6.77,P<0.00001], lumbar function [95％CI (2.56, 8.61),Z=3.62,P=0.0003] were better than other therapies, with statistical significance. Funnels included in the study suggest publication bias. TSA results suggested that the total efficiency and pain index Meta analysis results of this study were reliable.Conclusion Warm acupuncture treatment for LIDP has confirmed efficacy, with certain advantages. However, the literature included is not with good quality, so more large sample, multicenter, methodological RCTs are needed for further validation.

Stature Estimation for Sichuan Han Female Based on Whole-spine X-ray Photo-graphy / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish regression models of stature estimation for Sichuan Han female by the measurement of total vertebral column length in the frontal and lateral X-ray films of whole-spine. Methods The frontal and lateral X-ray films of whole-spine were collected from 200 Sichuan Han fe-males by large flat-panel multi-functional universal radiography and fluoroscopy system. The data and mean values of frontal and lateral total vertebral column length were measured and calculated in all the samples, respectively. The relationship of combined multi-markers and stature were analysed by linear regression analysis, and the mathematical models of stature estimation were established. The data of 30 new samples were selected and inputted for verifying the accuracy of the mathematical models. Results The total vertebral column length showed a good correlation with stature, and the mean values of the frontal and lateral X-ray films of total vertebral column length had the highest correlation coefficients. Three established linear regression equation models were statistically significant(P＜0.05), and the equa-tion established with lateral total vertebral column length showed the highest accuracy. Conclusion The stature estimation by the measurement of total vertebral column length has high accuracy.

Clinical efficiency and activity range of stiff knee by total knee arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe clinical effect and influencing factor of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the treatment of stiff knee.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2010 to October 2014, 20 patients(25 knees) with stiff knee were treated with TKA. Among them, including 2 males(3 knees) and 18 females(22 knees), aged from 55 to 78 years old with an average of(64.5± 4.9) years old, the courses of disease ranged from 5 to 21 years with an average 8.3 years. Preoperative and postoperative HSS (hospital for special surgery knee score) score, activity range and complications were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 69 months with an average of 35.3 months. Ten patients occurred complications after operation. HSS score was improved from 32.36±12.31 preoperatively to 80.70±18.52 postoperatively, and had statistical difference between two groups;7 knees obtained excellent results, 15 knees good and 3 knees moderate. Activity range was improved from(39.4±5.3)°preoperatively to (92.5±11.2)° at the latest follow up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Total knee arthroplasty for stiffness knees is feasible and could obtain satisfied activity range and function.</p>

Correlation of homocysteine levels with gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme in 438 adults taking physical examination in Shanghai, China / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the correlation of homocysteine (Hey) level with gene polymorphism of Hcy- metabolizing enzymes in healthy adults receiving physical examination in Shanghai, China. Methods Totally 438 participants who were receiving physical examination in Shanghai Ren-ai Hospital were included in this study. The plasma total Hey (tHcy) levels and serum folate levels were measured by enzymatic cycling methods and electrochemiluminescence, respectively. Genetic typing was determined by ligase detection reaction(LDR). The plasma tHcy levels were compared between different genotypes, and the association of plasma tHcy levels with genetic polymorphisms was analyzed. Results The incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was 28. 54% (125/438) in the present study. There was significant difference in the levels of plasma tHcy among the three genotypes of MTHFR C677T (P<0. 001). Heterozygous genotype CA of MTHFR A1298C was associated with a significantly reduced risk of HHcy (OR=0. 49, 95% CI: 0. 26-0. 92,P = 0. 027); heterozygous genotype CT of MTHFR C677T was associated with a significantly increased risk of HHcy (OR=2. 15, 95% CI: 1. 06-4. 36, P = 0. 035), and homozygous genotype TT was also associated with a significantly increased risk of HHcy (OR=7. 58, 95% CI: 3. 1518. 22, P<0. 001). No correlation was found for HHcy risk with MTR G905A, MTRR A66G, MTRR Ac. 56 + 781C, MTR A2756G, or CBS C551G. Conclusion TT and CT genotype of MTHFR C677T have been found to be the risks for HHcy; CA genotype of MTHFR A1298C may help to decrease the risk to HHcy.

Study on toxicity of 999 Ganmaoling grain and influence of diet on hepatic toxicity / 中国中药杂志

This paper was aimed to compare the acute toxicity of 999 Ganmaoling grain and its different ingredients, and investigate the influence of routine diet on the hepatic toxicity induced by Ganmaoling in mice, so as to provide experimental basis for the clinical safety evaluation. Mice were given a single dose of Ganmaoling grain or its different ingredients respectively by gavage, and then observed for 14 days. LD₅₀ values of Ganmaoling grain or its chemical ingredient and the maximal tolerated dose of its herb ingredient were determined. Mice were divided into starvation and diet group, a single dose of Ganmaoling grain was administered by gavage. LD₅₀ values were estimated after 14 day observation. Mice were divided into starvation and diet group. At the same time,control group was set up for each. A single dose of Ganmaoling grain was given. Serum biochemical indexes were detected, liver weight index was calculated and liver tissue morphological change was observed after 6 h. LD₅₀ values were 4.42, 0.64 g•kg⁻¹ for Ganmaoling grain group and chemical ingredient group, respectively. The maximal tolerated dose of the herb ingredient group was close to 24.24 g•kg⁻¹. The toxic symptom was basically similar in the Ganmaoling grain and the chemical ingredient group. The body weight and food intake were decreased to a certain extent in both groups. There were pathological changes of liver and heart tissue in some of the surviving animals. The animals in the Ganmaoling grain group exhibited a lighter toxicity and recovered faster than that in the chemical ingredient group. LD₅₀ values of Ganmaoling grain were 2.56, 6.93 g•kg⁻¹ for starvation and diet group respectively. TD₅₀ values were 1.29, 6.31 g•kg⁻¹ for starvation and diet group respectively. The toxicity of 999 Ganmaoling was less, which may be related to the reduction of toxicity after the combination of herb and chemical ingredients. Compared with starvation group, the values of LD₅₀ and TD₅₀ of diet group was significantly increased, and toxicity was decreased. From the point of view of safety, it is safer to use Ganmaoling in the absence of hunger or after meal. The above tests provide experimental basis for the clinical safety use of Ganmaoling.

Progress on the Rule of Clavicle Epiphyseal Closure Using Multi-Imaging Technology / 法医学杂志

People aged 18 years could be punished lightly or diminished criminal responsibility, even be spared the death sentence, which has important meaning in Chinese judicatory adjudication. The epiphysis of long bones from human limbs and the secondary sexual characteristics almost have developed completely before 18 years old. Clavicle epiphysis is one of the articular metaphysis which has a late epiphyseal closure. The recent studies in exploring the rule of clavicle epiphyseal by multi-imaging technology shows that the development of clavicle epiphysis has some value in age estimation of 18 years old. CT, especially thin-section CT, is widely used at present. However, thin-section CT scanning has great net radiation, which is not ethically acceptable if it is not for diagnosis and treatment. MRI is nonradioactive tomographic imaging and easy to evaluate, which is one of the future research directions in forensic age estimation using the medial clavicle. This paper summarizes the progress on the rule of clavicle epiphyseal closure, and analyzes and summarizes the feasibility of rule of clavicle epiphyseal closure applies on age estimation.

Relationship between Body Height and Craniofacial Lines Measured by CT in Southwest Han Males / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish regression model between craniofacial lines and body height by measuring craniofacial lines in Southwest Han males using CT and to accumulate data for the study of forensic anthropology.@*METHODS@#Head CT data of 273 Han males in Southwest were collected and 7 craniofacial lines were determined. Multiplanar reconstruction and volume rendering were performed by image post-processing software and the selected lines were measured. The relationship between each measuring indicator and body height was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. The regression equation of body height estimation was established and 50 samples were selected again and put into the mathematics models to verify its accuracy.@*RESULTS@#The linear regression equations of 7 lines were established (P < 0.05). The correlation coefficients of the unary linear regression equations were 0.190-0.439 and the standard errors of the estimate (SEE) were 4.597-5.023 cm. The correlation coefficients of the multiple linear regression equation were 0.494-0.524 and the SEE were 4.418-4.458 cm. The return tests showed that the highest ± 1SEE accuracy of the multiple regression equation: y = 83.959+3.589 x6+2.573 x2, were 30%; and the highest ± 2SEE accuracy of the multiple regression equation: y = 72.646+3.316 x6+1.586 x2+1.553 x4+2.211 x3, were 92%.@*CONCLUSION@#There is significant linear correlation between 7 selected lines and the stature in this study, and the plural linear regression equation established could be applied for estimating the stature of Southwest Han males.

Relation between Body Height and Combined Length of Manubrium and Mesosternum of Sternum Measured by CT-VRT in Southwest Han Population / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish the linear regression equation between body height and combined length of manubrium and mesostenum of sternum measured by CT volume rendering technique (CT-VRT) in southwest Han population.@*METHODS@#One hundred and sixty subjects, including 80 males and 80 females were selected from southwest Han population for routine CT-VRT (reconstruction thickness 1 mm) examination. The lengths of both manubrium and mesosternum were recorded, and the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum was equal to the algebraic sum of them. The sex-specific linear regression equations between the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum and the real body height of each subject were deduced.@*RESULTS@#The sex-specific simple linear regression equations between the combined length of manubrium and mesostenum (x3) and body height (y) were established (male: y = 135.000+2.118 x3 and female: y = 120.790+2.808 x3). Both equations showed statistical significance (P < 0.05) with a 100% predictive accuracy.@*CONCLUSION@#CT-VRT is an effective method for measurement of the index of sternum. The combined length of manubrium and mesosternum from CT-VRT can be used for body height estimation in southwest Han population.

Evaluation of PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer in Yunnan, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>CD4 count is used to determine antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility. In China, flow cytometers are mostly located in urban areas with limited access by patients residing in remote areas. In an attempt to address this issue, we conducted a study to validate the performance of Alere PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Venous and finger-prick blood specimens were collected from HIV-positive participants from two voluntary counseling and testing sites in Yunnan Province. Both venous and finger-prick blood specimens were tested with the PIMA analyzer. Venous blood specimens tested with the Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur were used as a reference.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Venous specimens from 396 and finger-prick specimens from 387 persons were available for analysis. CD4 counts by PIMA correlated well with those from FACSCalibur with an R2 of 0.91 for venous blood and 0.81 for finger-prick blood. Compared to FACSCalibur, the PIMA analyzer yielded lower counts with a mean bias of - 47.0 cells/μl (limit of agreement, [LOA]: -204-110 cells/μl) for venous blood and -71.0 cells/μl (LOA: -295-153 cells/μl) for finger-prick blood. For a CD4 threshold of 350 cells/μl, the positive predictive value (PPV) of PIMA was 84.2% and 75.7% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.6% and 95.8% for venous and finger-prick blood, respectively. For an ART threshold of 500 cells/μl, the corresponding PPV was 90.3% and 84.0% and NPV was 94.3% and 93.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CD4 counting using venous blood with PIMA analyzers is a feasible alternative to a large flow cytometer to determine ART eligibility.</p>

Effect of the human insulin-like growth factor 1 gene transfection to human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells

To observe the effect of transfecting the gene human insulin-like growth factor [hIGF]-1 into human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells [hUCB-MSCs] via non-viral vector. This study was performed in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China from June 2012 to May 2013. Twelve hUCB samples were harvested, and isolated in lymphocyte separation medium, and then cultured. Surface antigen expression in MSCs was detected by flow cytometry. Recombinant plasmid pIRES2-enhanced green fluorescent protein [EGFP]-hIGF-1 was transfected into MSCs by X-treme GENE HP DNA transfection reagent. Then, EGFP was observed with reverse fluorescent microscope at different time points. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the hIGF-1 protein concentration in supernatants. Immunofluorescence microscopy and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of hIGF-1 in the hUCB-MSCs. Expression of type II collagen was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Transfection efficiency was 28.74 +/- 7.31%. The cluster of differentiation [CD]90, CD105, and CD146 expression increased CD34, CD45, and anti-HLA-DR expression decreased. Results of immunofluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR confirmed expression of the hIGF-1 gene. The hIGF-1 protein concentration in the supernatants showed a peak level at 34.63 +/- 1.61 ng/ml 48 hours after transfection. Immunohistochemical analysis of transfected hUCB-MSCs proved that type II collagen could be expressed positively. Human IGF-1 gene can be transfected into hUCB-MSCs, and expressed at a high level with subsequent expression of type II collagen

ISSR analysis on genetic diversity of Anoectochilus roxburghii / 中草药

Objective: To study the germplasm resources of Anoectochilus roxburghii. and the genetic diversity of its spurious breed. Methods: By ISSR-PCR amplification, 24 samples were PCR amplified, and then electrophoresis detected. After marking the electrophoresis strips with "0" and "1" matrix, the genetic distances were calculated by NTSYSpc software, and the dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA. Results: A. roxburghii, A. formosanus, and A. sp. were identified. A. roxburghii with different geographical distribution and morphology had the close genetic relationship. Conclusion: The wild population of A. roxburghii resources have higher genetic diversity, witch could provide a great genetic library for varieties breeding.

Estimation on the HIV-1 incidence among high risk groups using the pooling RNA technique / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To timely identify the HIV-1 infection in window-period and to estimate the HIV-1 incidence among people who came for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service as well as men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV antibody negative samples that were determined by screening tests between January and October 2012, were collected and tested with pooling HIV-1 RNA testing technique (2-staged pooling by 50:1, 10:1). Positive cases were followed-up for HIV antibody testing while HIV incidence was calculated under Ron Brookmeyer' s method, among VCT and MSM populations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 1400 HIV antibody negative samples of VCT, two showed HIV-1 RNA positive during the antibody window period with the HIV-1 incidence as 1.87% per year (95% CI: 1.23%-2.65% ). Among 500 HIV antibody negative samples from MSM population, two showed HIV-1 RNA positive in the antibody window period, with HIV-1 incidence as 5.31% per year (95% CI: 3.52%-7.45% ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pooling HIV-1 RNA testing seemed a powerful tool for HIV antibody testing in the window-period. Measures should be taken to strengthen the HIV diagnostic programs among MSM and other high risk groups,during the HIV antibody window-period. More frequent detection approach as pooling HIV-1 RNA testing might be a good choice.</p>

Evaluation of PIMA analyzer detecting CD4 cell count of venous and capillary blood in HIV-infected individuals / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study is aimed at evaluating the utility of the portable CD4 analyzers (PIMA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The paired finger prick blood (25 µl) and 5 ml venous blood samples were collected from 196 HIV infected patients, who came to Yunnan CDC voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinic for CD4 test services, from May to August, 2012. The absolute CD4 cell counts were measured by PIMA (using venous and finger-prick blood) and by Calibur (using venous blood) as the reference. The PIMA and Calibur CD4 results were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were estimated. The Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the consistency of the two methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median absolute CD4 counts of 196 venous blood samples obtained by PIMA and by Calibur were 268 (range:169-403) cells/µl and 302 (range:181-474) cells/µl respectively, which showed significant difference (Z = -7.31, P < 0.01). The median absolute CD4 counts measured by PIMA and by Calibur (using 188 finger-prick and venous blood samples respectively) were 271 (range: 165-450) cells/µl and 304 (range:188-476) cells/µl, which also showed significant difference (Z = -7.60, P < 0.01). The CD4 counts obtained by PIMA CD4 analyzer (using venous and finger-prick blood) showed strong positive correlation with the CD4 counts obtained by the reference method (using venous blood), and the r values were 0.94 and 0.92 respectively (P < 0.01) . The mean biases (limit of agreement) were -38.7 (-210.9-133.5)cells/µl and -45.4 (-221.8-131.0) cells/µl, respectively.Using 350 CD4 counts as the threshold for ART treatment initiation, the sensitivity and specificity of PIMA were 99.1% and 79.3% for venous blood samples, and 97.2%and 78.5% for finger-prick blood samples, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CD4 counts obtained by PIMA are lower than that obtained by Calibur, while the sensitivity is high.</p>

Protective effect of exogenous IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with severe acute pancreatitis / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can result in intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) dysfunction. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with SAP and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham operation (SO group,n=24), a SAP group not treated with IGF-I (SAP group,n=24), and a SAP group treated with IGF-I (IGF-I group,n=24). SAP was induced in the rats by injecting 5.0％ sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. The SO rats were given an infusion of normal saline instead. The rats in the IGF-I group underwent the SAP procedure and were given a subcutaneous injection of IGF-I at 30 minutes before the operation and at 3 hours after the operation. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. Apoptosis of mucosal cells in the small intestine was determined by TUNEL. The levels of endotoxin and DAO and serum amylase were also measured. Pathologic changes in the small intestine were monitored. Changes of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in the small intestine were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The levels of serum amylase were lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at all three time points (P<0.05). The levels of endotoxin in the IGF-I group were higher than those in the SAP group at 6 hours, but lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours (P<0.05). The levels of diamine oxidase were higher in the IGF-I group at 6 hours but lower than those in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours. The pathological score of the small intestine was lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group, and the difference was statistically significant at 12 and 24 hours. The pathologic changes observed under electron microscopy were better in the IGF-I group than those in the SAP group. The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells was significantly decreased in the IGF-I group compared with the SAP group. Compared with the SO group, the mRNA expression levels of bax were increased at each time point in the SAP group, and were significantly decreased in the IGF-I group as compared with the SAP group at each time point (P<0.05). The expression levels of bcl-2 were weak and not different between the SO group and the SAP group (P>0.05). They were significantly increased in the IGF-I group versus the SO and SAP groups (P<0.05). The ratio of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression levels at each time point in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the SO group, but they were obviously decreased in the IGF-I group. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous IGF-I seems to protect mucosal cells in the small intestine against SAP-induced apoptosis and could alleviate SAP-induced injury of the intestinal mucosa. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced mRNA expression of bcl-2 and inhibition of bax mRNA expression.